Optimal. Leaf size=110 \[ \frac {2 b^4 \text {ArcTan}\left (\frac {\sqrt {a-b} \tan \left (\frac {x}{2}\right )}{\sqrt {a+b}}\right )}{(a-b)^{5/2} (a+b)^{5/2}}-\frac {\left (3 b^3+a \left (2 a^2-5 b^2\right ) \cos (x)\right ) \csc (x)}{3 \left (a^2-b^2\right )^2}+\frac {(b-a \cos (x)) \csc ^3(x)}{3 \left (a^2-b^2\right )} \]
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Rubi [A]
time = 0.18, antiderivative size = 110, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.00, number of steps
used = 5, number of rules used = 5, integrand size = 13, \(\frac {\text {number of rules}}{\text {integrand size}}\) = 0.385, Rules used = {2775, 2945, 12,
2738, 211} \begin {gather*} \frac {\csc ^3(x) (b-a \cos (x))}{3 \left (a^2-b^2\right )}-\frac {\csc (x) \left (a \left (2 a^2-5 b^2\right ) \cos (x)+3 b^3\right )}{3 \left (a^2-b^2\right )^2}+\frac {2 b^4 \text {ArcTan}\left (\frac {\sqrt {a-b} \tan \left (\frac {x}{2}\right )}{\sqrt {a+b}}\right )}{(a-b)^{5/2} (a+b)^{5/2}} \end {gather*}
Antiderivative was successfully verified.
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Rule 12
Rule 211
Rule 2738
Rule 2775
Rule 2945
Rubi steps
\begin {align*} \int \frac {\csc ^4(x)}{a+b \cos (x)} \, dx &=\frac {(b-a \cos (x)) \csc ^3(x)}{3 \left (a^2-b^2\right )}-\frac {\int \frac {\left (-2 a^2+3 b^2-2 a b \cos (x)\right ) \csc ^2(x)}{a+b \cos (x)} \, dx}{3 \left (a^2-b^2\right )}\\ &=-\frac {\left (3 b^3+a \left (2 a^2-5 b^2\right ) \cos (x)\right ) \csc (x)}{3 \left (a^2-b^2\right )^2}+\frac {(b-a \cos (x)) \csc ^3(x)}{3 \left (a^2-b^2\right )}+\frac {\int \frac {3 b^4}{a+b \cos (x)} \, dx}{3 \left (a^2-b^2\right )^2}\\ &=-\frac {\left (3 b^3+a \left (2 a^2-5 b^2\right ) \cos (x)\right ) \csc (x)}{3 \left (a^2-b^2\right )^2}+\frac {(b-a \cos (x)) \csc ^3(x)}{3 \left (a^2-b^2\right )}+\frac {b^4 \int \frac {1}{a+b \cos (x)} \, dx}{\left (a^2-b^2\right )^2}\\ &=-\frac {\left (3 b^3+a \left (2 a^2-5 b^2\right ) \cos (x)\right ) \csc (x)}{3 \left (a^2-b^2\right )^2}+\frac {(b-a \cos (x)) \csc ^3(x)}{3 \left (a^2-b^2\right )}+\frac {\left (2 b^4\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{a+b+(a-b) x^2} \, dx,x,\tan \left (\frac {x}{2}\right )\right )}{\left (a^2-b^2\right )^2}\\ &=\frac {2 b^4 \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt {a-b} \tan \left (\frac {x}{2}\right )}{\sqrt {a+b}}\right )}{(a-b)^{5/2} (a+b)^{5/2}}-\frac {\left (3 b^3+a \left (2 a^2-5 b^2\right ) \cos (x)\right ) \csc (x)}{3 \left (a^2-b^2\right )^2}+\frac {(b-a \cos (x)) \csc ^3(x)}{3 \left (a^2-b^2\right )}\\ \end {align*}
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Mathematica [A]
time = 0.70, size = 112, normalized size = 1.02 \begin {gather*} -\frac {2 b^4 \tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac {(a-b) \tan \left (\frac {x}{2}\right )}{\sqrt {-a^2+b^2}}\right )}{\left (-a^2+b^2\right )^{5/2}}+\frac {\left (\left (-6 a^3+9 a b^2\right ) \cos (x)+6 b^3 \cos (2 x)+\left (2 a^2-5 b^2\right ) (2 b+a \cos (3 x))\right ) \csc ^3(x)}{12 (a-b)^2 (a+b)^2} \end {gather*}
Antiderivative was successfully verified.
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Maple [A]
time = 0.21, size = 127, normalized size = 1.15
method | result | size |
default | \(\frac {\frac {a \left (\tan ^{3}\left (\frac {x}{2}\right )\right )}{3}-\frac {b \left (\tan ^{3}\left (\frac {x}{2}\right )\right )}{3}+3 a \tan \left (\frac {x}{2}\right )-5 b \tan \left (\frac {x}{2}\right )}{8 \left (a -b \right )^{2}}+\frac {2 b^{4} \arctan \left (\frac {\left (a -b \right ) \tan \left (\frac {x}{2}\right )}{\sqrt {\left (a -b \right ) \left (a +b \right )}}\right )}{\left (a -b \right )^{2} \left (a +b \right )^{2} \sqrt {\left (a -b \right ) \left (a +b \right )}}-\frac {1}{24 \left (a +b \right ) \tan \left (\frac {x}{2}\right )^{3}}-\frac {3 a +5 b}{8 \left (a +b \right )^{2} \tan \left (\frac {x}{2}\right )}\) | \(127\) |
risch | \(-\frac {2 i \left (3 b^{3} {\mathrm e}^{5 i x}-3 a \,b^{2} {\mathrm e}^{4 i x}+4 a^{2} b \,{\mathrm e}^{3 i x}-10 b^{3} {\mathrm e}^{3 i x}-6 a^{3} {\mathrm e}^{2 i x}+12 a \,b^{2} {\mathrm e}^{2 i x}+3 b^{3} {\mathrm e}^{i x}+2 a^{3}-5 b^{2} a \right )}{3 \left (a^{4}-2 a^{2} b^{2}+b^{4}\right ) \left ({\mathrm e}^{2 i x}-1\right )^{3}}-\frac {b^{4} \ln \left ({\mathrm e}^{i x}+\frac {i a^{2}-i b^{2}+a \sqrt {-a^{2}+b^{2}}}{b \sqrt {-a^{2}+b^{2}}}\right )}{\sqrt {-a^{2}+b^{2}}\, \left (a +b \right )^{2} \left (a -b \right )^{2}}+\frac {b^{4} \ln \left ({\mathrm e}^{i x}-\frac {i a^{2}-i b^{2}-a \sqrt {-a^{2}+b^{2}}}{b \sqrt {-a^{2}+b^{2}}}\right )}{\sqrt {-a^{2}+b^{2}}\, \left (a +b \right )^{2} \left (a -b \right )^{2}}\) | \(269\) |
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Maxima [F(-2)]
time = 0.00, size = 0, normalized size = 0.00 \begin {gather*} \text {Exception raised: ValueError} \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Fricas [B] Leaf count of result is larger than twice the leaf count of optimal. 202 vs.
\(2 (97) = 194\).
time = 0.39, size = 459, normalized size = 4.17 \begin {gather*} \left [\frac {2 \, a^{4} b - 10 \, a^{2} b^{3} + 8 \, b^{5} + 2 \, {\left (2 \, a^{5} - 7 \, a^{3} b^{2} + 5 \, a b^{4}\right )} \cos \left (x\right )^{3} + 3 \, {\left (b^{4} \cos \left (x\right )^{2} - b^{4}\right )} \sqrt {-a^{2} + b^{2}} \log \left (\frac {2 \, a b \cos \left (x\right ) + {\left (2 \, a^{2} - b^{2}\right )} \cos \left (x\right )^{2} + 2 \, \sqrt {-a^{2} + b^{2}} {\left (a \cos \left (x\right ) + b\right )} \sin \left (x\right ) - a^{2} + 2 \, b^{2}}{b^{2} \cos \left (x\right )^{2} + 2 \, a b \cos \left (x\right ) + a^{2}}\right ) \sin \left (x\right ) + 6 \, {\left (a^{2} b^{3} - b^{5}\right )} \cos \left (x\right )^{2} - 6 \, {\left (a^{5} - 3 \, a^{3} b^{2} + 2 \, a b^{4}\right )} \cos \left (x\right )}{6 \, {\left (a^{6} - 3 \, a^{4} b^{2} + 3 \, a^{2} b^{4} - b^{6} - {\left (a^{6} - 3 \, a^{4} b^{2} + 3 \, a^{2} b^{4} - b^{6}\right )} \cos \left (x\right )^{2}\right )} \sin \left (x\right )}, \frac {a^{4} b - 5 \, a^{2} b^{3} + 4 \, b^{5} + {\left (2 \, a^{5} - 7 \, a^{3} b^{2} + 5 \, a b^{4}\right )} \cos \left (x\right )^{3} - 3 \, {\left (b^{4} \cos \left (x\right )^{2} - b^{4}\right )} \sqrt {a^{2} - b^{2}} \arctan \left (-\frac {a \cos \left (x\right ) + b}{\sqrt {a^{2} - b^{2}} \sin \left (x\right )}\right ) \sin \left (x\right ) + 3 \, {\left (a^{2} b^{3} - b^{5}\right )} \cos \left (x\right )^{2} - 3 \, {\left (a^{5} - 3 \, a^{3} b^{2} + 2 \, a b^{4}\right )} \cos \left (x\right )}{3 \, {\left (a^{6} - 3 \, a^{4} b^{2} + 3 \, a^{2} b^{4} - b^{6} - {\left (a^{6} - 3 \, a^{4} b^{2} + 3 \, a^{2} b^{4} - b^{6}\right )} \cos \left (x\right )^{2}\right )} \sin \left (x\right )}\right ] \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Sympy [F]
time = 0.00, size = 0, normalized size = 0.00 \begin {gather*} \int \frac {\csc ^{4}{\left (x \right )}}{a + b \cos {\left (x \right )}}\, dx \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Giac [B] Leaf count of result is larger than twice the leaf count of optimal. 206 vs.
\(2 (97) = 194\).
time = 0.44, size = 206, normalized size = 1.87 \begin {gather*} -\frac {2 \, {\left (\pi \left \lfloor \frac {x}{2 \, \pi } + \frac {1}{2} \right \rfloor \mathrm {sgn}\left (-2 \, a + 2 \, b\right ) + \arctan \left (-\frac {a \tan \left (\frac {1}{2} \, x\right ) - b \tan \left (\frac {1}{2} \, x\right )}{\sqrt {a^{2} - b^{2}}}\right )\right )} b^{4}}{{\left (a^{4} - 2 \, a^{2} b^{2} + b^{4}\right )} \sqrt {a^{2} - b^{2}}} + \frac {a^{2} \tan \left (\frac {1}{2} \, x\right )^{3} - 2 \, a b \tan \left (\frac {1}{2} \, x\right )^{3} + b^{2} \tan \left (\frac {1}{2} \, x\right )^{3} + 9 \, a^{2} \tan \left (\frac {1}{2} \, x\right ) - 24 \, a b \tan \left (\frac {1}{2} \, x\right ) + 15 \, b^{2} \tan \left (\frac {1}{2} \, x\right )}{24 \, {\left (a^{3} - 3 \, a^{2} b + 3 \, a b^{2} - b^{3}\right )}} - \frac {9 \, a \tan \left (\frac {1}{2} \, x\right )^{2} + 15 \, b \tan \left (\frac {1}{2} \, x\right )^{2} + a + b}{24 \, {\left (a^{2} + 2 \, a b + b^{2}\right )} \tan \left (\frac {1}{2} \, x\right )^{3}} \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Mupad [B]
time = 0.56, size = 184, normalized size = 1.67 \begin {gather*} \mathrm {tan}\left (\frac {x}{2}\right )\,\left (\frac {4}{8\,a-8\,b}-\frac {8\,a+8\,b}{{\left (8\,a-8\,b\right )}^2}\right )+\frac {{\mathrm {tan}\left (\frac {x}{2}\right )}^3}{3\,\left (8\,a-8\,b\right )}-\frac {\frac {a^2-2\,a\,b+b^2}{3\,\left (a+b\right )}-\frac {{\mathrm {tan}\left (\frac {x}{2}\right )}^2\,\left (-3\,a^3+a^2\,b+7\,a\,b^2-5\,b^3\right )}{{\left (a+b\right )}^2}}{{\mathrm {tan}\left (\frac {x}{2}\right )}^3\,\left (8\,a^2-16\,a\,b+8\,b^2\right )}+\frac {2\,b^4\,\mathrm {atan}\left (\frac {\mathrm {tan}\left (\frac {x}{2}\right )\,\left (a^4-2\,a^2\,b^2+b^4\right )}{{\left (a+b\right )}^{5/2}\,{\left (a-b\right )}^{3/2}}\right )}{{\left (a+b\right )}^{5/2}\,{\left (a-b\right )}^{5/2}} \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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